现代财经--天津财经大学学报

随着数字技术快速发展与产业融合的加速，企业间网络关系日益复杂，如何平衡企业间竞争与合作、“共享”与“保护”的张力，提高企业创新绩效已成为学界和业界的核心议题。本研究基于1995—2021年的发明专利申请数据，系统检验了开放式创新与独占机制对探索式创新绩效和利用式创新绩效的非线性影响及竞合关系的调节效应。研究发现：开放式创新对探索式创新绩效和利用式创新绩效均表现出倒U型影响，独占机制对二者呈U型影响，且影响曲线均存在异质性；合作关系强化了开放式创新和独占机制对利用式创新绩效的影响，但削弱了开放式创新对探索式创新绩效的影响；相比之下，竞争关系弱化了二者对利用式创新绩效的影响，强化了独占机制对探索式创新绩效的影响，同时也扭曲了合作关系对开放式创新(独占机制)与利用式创新绩效关系的调节作用。进一步分析表明，在利用式创新绩效的导向下，竞合关系在不同开放—独占区间呈现替代与互补的双模态效应，而在探索式创新绩效的导向下，竞争与合作则始终表现为互补机制。本研究结论揭示了开放式创新与独占机制嵌入外部竞合环境的复杂作用机理，拓展了开放式创新与知识产权保护的研究边界，并为企业在动态竞合环境下优化创新战略、提升双元创新绩效提供了理论支持。

With the rapid development of digital technologies and the accelerating integration of industries, interfirm network relationships have become increasingly complex. Reconciling the inherent tensions between inter-firm competition and collaboration, as well as between “sharing” and “protection”, to enhance innovation performance outcomes represents a critical conundrum confronting contemporary scholarly research and business practice. Based on the invention patent applications data from 1995 to 2021, this paper systematically examines the nonlinear effects of open innovation and appropriation regime on exploratory innovation performance and exploitative innovation performance, as well as the moderating effects of coopetition relationships. It is found that, open innovation exhibits an inverted U-shaped impact on both exploratory innovation performance and exploitative innovation performance, while the appropriation regime has a U-shaped impact on both, and the impact curves are heterogeneous. The cooperative relationship strengthens the impact of open innovation and appropriation regime on the performance of exploitative innovation, but weakens the impact of open innovation on the performance of exploratory innovation. In contrast, the competitive relationship weakens the impact of both on the performance of exploitative innovation, strengthens the impact of appropriation regime on exploratory innovation performance, and also distorts the moderating effect of cooperative relationships on the relationship between open innovation(appropriation regime) and exploitative innovation performance. Further analysis shows that under an exploitation-oriented innovation strategy, coopetition exhibits a dual-mode effect of substitution and complementarity across different openness–appropriability regimes, while under an exploration-oriented innovation strategy, coopetition always exhibits a complementary mechanism. The conclusions of this paper reveal the complex mechanisms through which open innovation and the appropriation regime are embedded in external environment of coopetition, extend the research frontier of open innovation and intellectual property protection, and provides theoretical support for enterprises to optimize innovation strategies and enhance dual innovation performance in dynamic environment of coopetition.